| Standard | Title | Application |
| ISO 898-1 | Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel – Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs | Primary international standard for tensile, yield, elongation, and wedge tests |
| ISO 3506-1 | Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners – Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs | Applies to stainless steel bolts and studs |
| EN ISO 898-1 | EU-harmonized version of ISO 898-1 | Used for CE marking, PED compliance, and general conformity in Europe |
| Standard | Title | Notes |
| ASTM A193 / A193M | Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service | For high-strength bolts in critical service (valves, flanges, etc.) |
| ASTM A320 / A320M | Bolting for Low-Temperature Service | Used in cryogenic applications |
| ASTM F606 / F606M | Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Fasteners | Covers tensile strength, wedge tensile, proof load, and hardness |
| ASME B18.2.1 / B18.2.6 | Dimensional standards for square and hex bolts and screws | Typically used alongside ASTM mechanical property standards |
| Parameter | Description |
| Tensile strength (Rm) | Force at which the bolt fractures under axial tension |
| Yield strength (Re or Rp0.2) | Stress level at which permanent deformation begins |
| Elongation (A%) | Measured increase in bolt length after fracture, expressed as a percentage |
| Reduction of area (Z%) | Cross-sectional reduction at the point of fracture |
| Fracture location | Must occur in the shank of the bolt (not in the threaded portion or under head) |
| Wedge test | Applies inclined load to evaluate head strength (especially for short bolts) |
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